Colorado River Toad Overview
A nocturnal desert species, the Colorado River Toad or Sonora Desert toad as it is sometimes referred to, prefers habitat around permanent sources of water, whether it be mitigated waterways or natural. These toads may also occupy space in arid or semi-arid grasslands and woodland habitats.
During the heat of the day, Bufo alvarius spends its days hidden, buried deep within the desert sand usually against a shaded hillside or beneath rocks or shrubs. They sometimes muscle out the heat of the day within crevices, deeply hidden beneath the rocks. Often they retreat to rodent or desert tortoise burrows and mine shafts, or wherever locations damp and cool may prevail over the scorching sunlight.
Colorado River Toad Toxin
The Colorado River toad is very well protected with a powerful skin secretion that may prove fatal to would be predators. Toxic skin secretions of Bufo alvarius contain 5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-dimethyltrypta mine) which is a powerful psychedelic tryptamine. These skin secretions also contain Bufotenin, a tryptamine that is related to the neurotransmitter serotonin and is similar in chemical structure to the hallucinogenic psilocin, a psychedelic mushroom alkaloid.
Although these toxins are an effective means of self-defense, they have found another use in the world of humans. People have been known to exploit these toxins which when used carefully can produce a euphoria and a hallucinogenic effect that may last as long as 10 to 15 minutes during the peak of intoxication. Some individuals liken it to an out of body experience.
Colorado River Toad Captive Care
As toads go, Colorado River toads are relatively easy to care for, much in the same way as you would care for smaller species of bufo only on a larger scale. Whereas a twenty gallon long tank my suffice for several Fowler’s toads Bufo w. fowleri, Bufo alvarius grows considerably larger much quicker and are notably more active, thus requiring a greater amount of space. A 50 to 75 gallon glass terrarium should be fine for two pairs of adults.
Colorado River Toad Captive Breeding
Captive breeding is achieved much like that of other North American species of Bufo. A gradual cooling down period in the late fall such as the end of October will bring these animals into a winter rest. Temperatures of 50 degrees Fahrenheit will suffice and a hibernation of four months is recommended. Temperatures should be gradually brought back up in early March and food offered once again. After a couple of months animals may be stimulated to breed by heavily misting their enclosure several times a day for a duration of two to three weeks.
After this time, your toads should be moved into a rain chamber. This chamber can be made rather simply using two medium sized plastic totes, two small recirculating pumps and two small submersible filters. Each of the totes are filled with four or five inches of fresh water. Each tote will contain a recirculating pump. Remember, if you use a stronger pump, be sure to protect your toads and their egg’s from the pump impeller’s vacuum! Create a small cage around the pump. This should also be applied for a stronger filter as well.
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